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ForwardWMJ Vol 123 Issue 6: Neurodevelopmental Screening Tests Outcomes of Children in Wisconsin With a Prenatal History of Travel to Zika Virus Endemic Regions During 2015-2018: A Retrospective Case-Control Study
ABSTRACT
Background: Children with prenatal Zika virus exposure are at an increased risk of developing neurodevelopmental deficits in early childhood. Travel to Zika virus-endemic regions during pregnancy elevates the risk of offspring developing complications. This study examined developmental outcomes of children from Wisconsin with maternal or partner travel history to Zika virus-endemic regions during pregnancy compared to gestation and age-matched controls.
Methods: A retrospective chart review compared outcomes of cases (n = 181) with prenatal travel history to Zika virus-endemic regions to gestational and birth date-matched controls (n = 172) up to 7 years old. We reported Zika virus testing and travel, birth outcomes, standardized developmental screening tests, and specialist referral rates.
Results: There were no differences in referral rates and standardized developmental screening test outcomes, but cases tended to have more referrals for early intervention compared to the controls (P = 0.059). One Zika virus-positive case was identified with complications surrounding birth, and 2.2% of children had documentation in their health records noting potential Zika virus exposure. Regardless of groups, limited referrals were made at 9 (0%), 18 (60%), and 24 (40%) months based on Ages and Stages Questionnaire-version 3 (ASQ-3) recommendations.
Conclusions: This study found similar developmental screening outcomes and referral rates between groups. Longitudinal care of children whose mothers traveled to Zika virus-endemic regions could be improved with better documentation of prenatal Zika virus exposure in the child’s medical record, use of standardized developmental screening tools at every recommended well-child visit, and referral when developmental screening test scores are low.
Intended Audience
The intended audience for this continuing education activity is healthcare professionals caring for the people of Wisconsin and beyond.
Learning Objectives
As a result of participating in this journal-based activity, healthcare team members will be able to:
- Summarize the impact of prenatal Zika virus exposure on congenital defects and neurodevelopmental deficits in children, based on the literature reviewed in this article.
- Interpret the study findings related to developmental screening test outcomes and specialist referral rates for children with maternal or partner travel history to Zika virus-endemic regions during pregnancy compared to gestation and age-matched controls.
- Discuss strategies to improve documentation of prenatal Zika virus exposure, use of standardized developmental screening tools at well-child visits, and appropriate specialist referral.
FACULTY DISCLOSURE
It is the policy of the University of Wisconsin–Madison Interprofessional Continuing Education Partnership (ICEP) to identify, mitigate and disclose all relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies* held by the speakers/presenters, authors, planners, and other persons who may influence the content of this accredited continuing education (CE). In addition, speakers, presenters and authors must disclose any planned discussion of unlabeled/unapproved uses of drugs or devices during their presentation.
For this accredited continuing education activity all relevant financial relationships have been mitigated and detailed disclosures are listed below.
| Name of Individual | Individual's Role in Activity | Financial Relationship Disclosure | Discussion of Unlabeled/Unapproved Uses of Drugs/Devices |
| Marianna Shershneva, MD, PhD | Accreditation Specialist | No relevant relationships with ineligible companies to disclose | No |
| James Eberhard, MFA | Accreditation Specialist | No relevant relationships with ineligible companies to disclose | No |
| Sabrina A. Kabakov, OTD | Author | No relevant relationships with ineligible companies to disclose | No |
| Emma Mohr, MD, PhD | Author | No relevant relationships with ineligible companies to disclose | No |
| Rachel V. Spanton | Author | No relevant relationships with ineligible companies to disclose | No |
| Elaina Razo | Author | No relevant relationships with ineligible companies to disclose | No |
| Erik Sanson | Author | No relevant relationships with ineligible companies to disclose | No |
| Christelle Cayton | Author | No relevant relationships with ineligible companies to disclose | No |
| Emmy Wanjiku | Author | No relevant relationships with ineligible companies to disclose | No |
| Jens Eickhoff, PhD | Author | No relevant relationships with ineligible companies to disclose | No |
| Karla K. Ausderau, OTR | Author | No relevant relationships with ineligible companies to disclose | No |
| George Lee Morris III, MD, MPH, DIC | Reviewer | No relevant relationships with ineligible companies to disclose | No |
| Nathan Gundacker, MD | Reviewer | No relevant relationships with ineligible companies to disclose | No |
| Fahad Aziz, MD | Editor | No relevant relationships with ineligible companies to disclose | No |
| Katie Gillespie, DNP, RN, CPH, FAAN | Reviewer | No relevant relationships with ineligible companies to disclose | No |
| Laura Ozkan, PA | Reviewer | No relevant relationships with ineligible companies to disclose | No |
| Sue Wenker, PT, PhD, MS, FNAP | Reviewer | No relevant relationships with ineligible companies to disclose | No |
*Ineligible companies are those whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing healthcare products used by or on, patients.
The ACCME does not consider providers of clinical services directly to patients to be ineligible companies.
Accreditation
Accreditation Statement
 | In support of improving patient care, this activity has been planned and implemented by the University of Wisconsin–Madison ICEP and the Wisconsin Medical Journal. The University of Wisconsin–Madison ICEP is jointly accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), to provide continuing education for the healthcare team. |
Credit Designation Statements | |
American Medical Association (AMA) The University of Wisconsin–Madison ICEP designates this journal-based CE activity for a maximum of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. | |
American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) The University of Wisconsin–Madison ICEP designates this journal-based CE activity for a maximum of 1.0 ANCC contact hour. | |
 | American Academy of Physician Assistants (AAPA) The University of Wisconsin–Madison ICEP has been authorized by the American Academy of PAs (AAPA) to award AAPA Category 1 CME credit for activities planned in accordance with AAPA CME Criteria. This activity is designated for 1.0 AAPA Category 1 CME credits. Approval is valid until 10/27/2026. PAs should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation. |
Continuing Education Units The University of Wisconsin–Madison ICEP, as a member of the University Professional & Continuing Education Association (UPCEA), authorizes this program for 0.1 continuing education units (CEUs) or 1 hour. | |
Available Credit
- 1.00 AAPA Category 1 CME
- 1.00 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™
- 1.00 ANCC Contact Hours
- 1.00 University of Wisconsin–Madison Continuing Education Hours
- 1.00 Approved for AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™
Accessibility
If you need anything to participate in this program, please contact [email protected].
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