Learning Objectives:

• Describe the incidence, epidemiology, and natural history of rotator cuff disease.
• Explain the anatomic and biomechanical basis of rotator cuff pathology, from impingement to massive tears.
• Describe the clinical evaluation, imaging findings, and classification systems used to guide management.
• Discuss indications for operative versus non-operative management of rotator cuff disease.
• Compare surgical options for partial-thickness, full-thickness, and massive/irreparable tears, including current controversies.