Objectives: 

• Identify the anatomy of the lower leg, including muscular origins and insertions, innervation, and blood supply relevant to plastic surgery.
• Describe the most common presentation of the spastic foot deformity.
• Explain how to differentiate spasticity from fixed contractures using clinical assessment tools such as physical examination, dynamic EMG, and/or local anesthetic nerve blocks.
• List options for nerve-based surgical techniques for treatment of lower extremity spasticity and hypertonia.