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ForwardWMJ Vol 123 Issue 3: Mapping Milwaukee’s Blueprint for Peace: Evaluating the Geospatial Reach of a Cure Violence Implementation, 414LIFE
Overview
ABSTRACT
Background: Cure Violence interruption programs are evidence-based interventions aimed at reducing the transmission of gun violence and its related injuries. Assessing the implementation of these programs can include the metric of “reach.” This study evaluated one such program – 414LIFE – in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The evaluation reconceptualized “reach” as a metric for reaching the individuals and neighborhoods at greatest risk for gun violence.
Methods: 414LIFE’s reach was analyzed descriptively and geospatially through its program evaluation dataset from May 2019 through September 2020 using a cross-sectional design. Program referral criteria includes patients who sustained a gunshot wound, are less than 36 years old, and a resident of, or injured in, the city of Milwaukee. A choropleth map visualized location of participants’ residence, which justified a global Moran’s I, and then a local Moran’s I calculation to identify statistically significant clustering of referrals.
Results: In the first 1.5 years of the program’s partnership with the local level I trauma center and affiliated academic medical institution, 398 patients were referred. Three hundred referrals (75.4%) met program criteria; 53.8% were Black men. Statistically significant clusters were identified and mapped. Half of the top 10 neighborhoods with referrals were the city’s identified priority neighborhoods.
Conclusions: 414LIFE successfully reaches its intended population and geographic locations. Geospatial reach should be considered routinely in program evaluations of Cure Violence programs to track growth and reach over time.
Intended Audience
The intended audience for this continuing education activity is healthcare professionals caring for the people of Wisconsin and beyond.
Learning Objectives
As a result of this journal-based activity, learners as members of the healthcare team will be able to:
- Assess the effectiveness of the 414LIFE program in reaching its target population and geographic areas.
- Interpret the geospatial analysis used to evaluate the reach of the 414LIFE program.
- Formulate strategies to enhance the reach and effectiveness of the 414LIFE program.
Faculty
FACULTY DISCLOSURE
It is the policy of the University of Wisconsin–Madison Interprofessional Continuing Education Partnership (ICEP) to identify, mitigate and disclose all relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies* held by the speakers/presenters, authors, planners, and other persons who may influence content of this accredited continuing education (CE). In addition, speakers, presenters and authors must disclose any planned discussion of unlabeled/unapproved uses of drugs or devices during their presentation.
For this accredited continuing education activity all relevant financial relationships have been mitigated and detailed disclosures are listed below.
| Name of Individual | Individual's Role in Activity | Financial Relationship Disclosure | Discussion of |
| Marianna Shershneva, MD, PhD | Accreditation Specialist | No relevant relationships with ineligible companies to disclose | No |
| James Eberhard, MFA | Accreditation Specialist | No relevant relationships with ineligible companies to disclose | No |
| Amber Brandolino, MS | Author | No relevant relationships with ineligible companies to disclose | No |
| Terri A. deRoon-Cassini, PhD, MS | Author | No relevant relationships with ineligible companies to disclose | No |
| Peter Nguyen, MD, CCRC | Author | No relevant relationships with ineligible companies to disclose | No |
| Ramneet Mann, BSc | Author | No relevant relationships with ineligible companies to disclose | No |
| Sydney Timmer-Murillo, PhD, MS | Author | No relevant relationships with ineligible companies to disclose | No |
| Marc de Moya, MD | Author | No relevant relationships with ineligible companies to disclose | No |
| Basil Karam, MD | Author | No relevant relationships with ineligible companies to disclose | No |
| Andrew Schramm, PhD, MS | Author | No relevant relationships with ineligible companies to disclose | No |
| Reggie Moore | Author | No relevant relationships with ineligible companies to disclose | No |
| Kathleen Williams, MD | Author | No relevant relationships with ineligible companies to disclose | No |
| Alicia Pilarski, DO | Author | No relevant relationships with ineligible companies to disclose | No |
| Brady McIntosh, MD | Author | No relevant relationships with ineligible companies to disclose | No |
| David J. Milia, MD | Author | No relevant relationships with ineligible companies to disclose | No |
| Laura Jacques, MD | Author | No relevant relationships with ineligible companies to disclose | No |
| Shafik Wassef, MD | Reviewer | No relevant relationships with ineligible companies to disclose | No |
| David Galbis-Reig, MD, DFASAM | Reviewer | No relevant relationships with ineligible companies to disclose | No |
| Robert Treat, PhD | Editor | No relevant relationships with ineligible companies to disclose | No |
| David Dwyer, PhD, RN, NEBC | Reviewer | No relevant relationships with ineligible companies to disclose | No |
| Cassie Meffert, PAC, MPH | Reviewer | No relevant relationships with ineligible companies to disclose | No |
*Ineligible companies are those whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing healthcare products used by or on, patients.
The ACCME does not consider providers of clinical services directly to patients to be ineligible companies.
Accreditation
Accreditation Statement
 | In support of improving patient care, this activity has been planned and implemented by the University of Wisconsin–Madison ICEP and the Wisconsin Medical Journal. The University of Wisconsin–Madison ICEP is jointly accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), to provide continuing education for the healthcare team. |
Credit Designation Statements
American Medical Association (AMA)
The University of Wisconsin–Madison ICEP designates this journal-based CE activity for a maximum of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC)
The University of Wisconsin–Madison ICEP designates this journal-based CE activity for a maximum of 1.0 ANCC contact hour.
American Academy of Physician Assistants (AAPA)
 | The University of Wisconsin–Madison ICEP has been authorized by the American Academy of PAs (AAPA) to award AAPA Category 1 CME credit for activities planned in accordance with AAPA CME Criteria. This activity is designated for 1.0 AAPA Category 1 CME credits. Approval is valid until 12/02/2025. PAs should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation. |
Continuing Education Units
The University of Wisconsin–Madison ICEP, as a member of the University Professional & Continuing Education Association (UPCEA), authorizes this program for 0.1 continuing education units (CEUs) or 1 hour.
Available Credit
- 1.00 AAPA Category 1 CME
- 1.00 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™
- 1.00 ANCC Contact Hours
- 1.00 University of Wisconsin–Madison Continuing Education Hours
- 1.00 Approved for AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™
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